Environmental Health & Safety

Basic Electrical Safety

• Purpose

  The University of California, Riverside (UCR) Basic Electrical Safety Program is designed to protect employees from hazards such as electric shock, burns, fires, and explosions.

  This program provides guidance for identifying electrical hazards and establishing effective controls to prevent injuries and property damage.                                               

• Scope

  This program applies to all UCR employees who work with electrical equipment which may expose them to electrical hazards from systems, equipment, or tools operating at up to 208 volts.

  Adjustment, maintenance, and repair on systems or equipment with exposed energized hazards above 50 volts is prohibited unless the employee has the necessary training, experience, can perform the work safely, and supervisor authorization. 

  This program does not cover electrical work which includes adjustment, maintenance, or repair work on systems and equipment operating at over 50 volts. Those activities will be addressed under the UCR Advanced Electrical Safety Program (under development). Researchers should refer to the Research Electrical Safety Program and coordinate with the Research Safety Engineer. Non-researchers and maintenance groups should contact the Campus Safety Engineer for guidance.

• Responsibilities

  The goal of the UCR Basic Electrical Safety Program is to ensure that all employees understand the hazards associated with electrical energy and are capable of performing the necessary steps to protect themselves and their coworkers. Responsibilities include:

  Staff and Students

  • Be aware of electrical safety hazards.
  • Comply with safe operating procedures and this program when using electrical equipment.
  • Complete safety training as assigned.
  • Work within your training and authorization level.
  • Inspect all electrical equipment prior to plugging in and using.
  • Report safety concerns including damaged cords, burning, smoke, fire, etc. to your supervisor and EH&S immediately.

  Managers and supervisors

  • Ensure staff have the necessary experience, skill, training, before authorizing them to work on electrical equipment. 
  • Conduct periodic hazard analysis of work areas.
  • Correct identified safety hazards.
  • Develop safe operating procedures (SOPs) for all electrical systems and equipment.
  • Use Lockout/tagout to prevent personnel from exposure to live parts or broken equipment. 
  • Consult with the appropriate maintenance service group as needed to ensure the building electrical infrastructure is protected, your connections are safe, and that you will avoid impacting other building occupants.
  • Never allow or attempt to access electrical panels, or rooms without specific approval from EH&S or the appropriate maintenance service group electrical supervisor.
  • Never allow or attempt to modify or alter any building electrical system or any of its components including disconnects, breakers, switches, outlets, and lighting fixtures.
  • Report safety concerns including damaged cords, burning, smoke, fire, etc. to EH&S.

  Maintenance Services Group Supervisors (Facilities Services, Auxiliary, etc.) 

  • Ensure that all authorized or qualified maintenance personnel have received appropriate levels of training.
  • Ensure appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) is provided to authorized or qualified staff who work with electrical equipment.
  • Ensure all infrastructure electrical equipment is safe and does not have exposed electrical conductors, open junction boxes, open punchouts in boxes, missing plate covers, open panel faces, etc.  
  • Restrict access to all electrical rooms and panels throughout buildings for non-maintenance persons unless specific approval has been granted by the electrical supervisor or EH&S.
  • Ensure all damaged or unsafe electrical equipment is locked out in accordance with the UCR Hazardous Energy Lockout/Tagout Program.
  • Lockout electrical systems and equipment for non-authorized employees as the responsible individual to allow them to adjust, maintain, and repair equipment safely.
  • Report safety concerns including damaged cords, burning, smoke, fire, etc. to EH&S.

  Environmental Health & Safety (EH&S)

  • Consult on electrical safety issues
  • Assist in electrical hazard assessments and developing electrical hazard controls
  • Provide information regarding online and in-person electrical safety training options.
  • Report all electrical fires, battery thermal incidents, burnt cords or outlets, or smoking equipment to Office of the State Fire Marshal (OSFM) per mandate
  • Review developed electrical equipment safe operating procedures (SOPs), as requested or necessary.
  • Assess electrical systems and equipment to ensure they are compliant, safe for the intended use, and maintained in a safe usable condition.
  • Oversee a 3rd-party approval process for electrical equipment that is not approved by a nationally recognized testing lab (NRTL) as required by the OSFM and Cal/OSHA.
• Electricity on Campus

  All employees use electrically powered equipment and systems throughout the campus. Whether in an office, lab, kitchen, dormitory, or workshop, electricity is used continuously, usually without incident. Electricity behaves the same no matter what country you are in. It doesn’t matter whether you are in the Americas or Europe, Asia or Africa. It also doesn’t matter whether you are an electrician, a researcher, an engineer, or even an office worker who performs occasional household repairs. If you contact a hazardous live circuit part, your life will be at risk. In this sense, mere compliance to local national regulations matters less than understanding basic electrical safety principles. 

   

  In general, campus provides 120 volt 20 amp outlets throughout most buildings. Where required 208 volt or higher power may be available for equipment in places like workshops, labs, and non-public utility rooms. Requests for specific electrical supply should be directed to the appropriate maintenance service group for your building.

• Electricity is Dangerous

  Even voltages as low as 12 volts can be dangerous—but what does that really mean? Electricity is the movement of electrically charged atoms, or electrons, flowing in one direction from positive to negative (or to ground). When working with or near electrical equipment, a person may accidentally become part of an electrical circuit. If this happens, electricity can pass through the body, generating heat due to the body’s natural resistance. This can result in severe burns, and the electrical current can also disrupt the body’s normal electrical signals, potentially causing cardiac or respiratory arrest.

   

  Only trained, authorized, or qualified individuals are permitted to repair or service electrical equipment. However, even regular users of electrical devices and batteries can be at risk when equipment, outlets, or cords are damaged, uncovered, or have exposed wires.

   

  As part of the Injury and Illness Prevention Program, departments must conduct workplace hazard analyses and periodic safety inspections to identify and correct these issues. This hazard assessment helps each work unit define specific electrical hazards, develop mitigation plans, and provide appropriate employee training.

• Electrical Hazards

  Electricity poses hazards to human health and safety in three main ways: electric shock, arc flash, and arc blast. There are also thermal hazards that can cause serious injury. According to OSHA and NFPA 70E, electrical systems with voltages of 50 volts AC or higher are considered hazardous.

  At UCR, employees may encounter a range of complex electrical hazards. To address this, UCR has adopted specific hazard thresholds that align with major electrical safety standards. Any circuit powered by a source rated above the established threshold is considered hazardous.

  Without the required training and authorization, personnel are not permitted to perform electrical work on systems exceeding these thresholds. When shock or arc flash hazards are identified, only Maintenance Service Group electricians or qualified contractors may perform the work.

  If you are uncertain about what electrical work you are authorized to perform, contact EH&S Safety for guidance and consultation.

  Shock Hazard Thresholds

  Source	Includes	Threshold for Non-Authorized Electrical Workers
  AC	50-60 Hz nominal	≥ 50 V and ≥ 5 mA
  DC	All	≥ 100 V and ≥ 40 mA
  Capacitors	All	≥ 100 V and ≥ 10 J
  Batteries	Lead-Acid and Lithium Ion	≥ 100 V
  Sub-RF	1 Hz to 3 kHz (excluding 50-60 Hz nominal)	≥ 50 V and ≥ 5 mA
  RF	3 kHz to 100 MHz	A function of frequency

  Electrical Shock

  Electricity is one of the most common hazards in any facility. Under normal conditions, built-in safety features (engineering controls) protect workers from shock. Electrical shock occurs when electrical current flows through any part of a person’s body from an external source. Such incidents can result in serious injury or death.

  When a person contacts an energized (ungrounded) conductor while also touching a grounded object, an alternate path to ground is created, allowing current to pass through the body. Current is measured in amperes (A) but can be extremely dangerous even in the milliampere (mA) range.

  

  The effects of electric current on the human body depend on several variables, including:

  • Amount of current

  

  • Waveform of the current (e.g., DC, 60 Hz AC, RF, impulse)
  • Pathway of the current through the body (determined by contact points and internal body chemistry)
  • Duration of exposure
  • Amount of energy deposited into the body
  • The amount of current that flows through the body depends on:
    • Voltage driving the current
    • Circuit characteristics (impedance, stored energy)
    • Frequency of the current
    • Contact resistance and the body’s internal resistance
    • Environmental factors affecting contact resistance

  The heart and brain are the organs most vulnerable to electric shock. Fatal ventricular fibrillation—a disruption of the heart’s normal rhythm—can be triggered by currents as low as 70 mA. Without immediate resuscitation, shock can cause death by cardiac arrest, respiratory paralysis, or complete heart stoppage.

  Severe internal burns may also occur, even if the current does not pass-through vital organs. Because physiological responses vary among individuals, exact voltage or current thresholds for injury cannot be precisely defined.

  Anyone who experiences an electrical shock should receive immediate medical evaluation, even if no visible injuries are apparent. Internal damage and burns may not be immediately detectable.

  AC Power Response

  Alternating current (AC)—typically at 60 hertz (Hz)—is particularly dangerous. Exposure to AC at these frequencies can induce ventricular fibrillation at low thresholds and cause severe muscle contractions, potentially leading to a no-let-go situation where the victim cannot release the conductor.

  DC Power Response

  Direct current (DC) can also cause muscle contractions during contact and release, and prolonged exposure can lead to heart fatigue or failure at high current levels. DC does not usually cause muscle paralysis or no-let-go hazards at low currents but can still be fatal due to internal tissue burning over time.

  Radio Frequency Response

  Radiofrequency waveforms (5 kHz – 100 MHz) cause decreasing neurological effects as frequency increases, but deposited energy can result in tissue burns.
  

  Capacitor response

  Capacitors store electrical energy and can retain a dangerous charge even after being disconnected. An impulse shock can occur if discharged through the body. Damage depends on voltage, total stored energy, and discharge time. High-energy discharges can trigger fibrillation, while lower voltages usually discharge more slowly due to skin resistance, reducing risk.

  High Voltages

  For voltages above 600 V, an additional hazard exists: the potential for arcing through air gaps. Contact is not necessary for injury. Safe approach distances and proper enclosures must be maintained to prevent exposure. 

  At UCR, high-voltage work is prohibited without specific EH&S written approval.

  Battery Hazards

  Work involving batteries or battery banks presents both electrical and physical hazards. Flooded lead-acid batteries also pose chemical and explosion risks. Hazards include:

  • Electric shock
  • Burns and shrapnel injuries from a short circuit
  • Chemical burns from electrolyte spills or contamination
  • Fire or explosion from hydrogen gas build up during charging
  • Physical strain from lifting or handling heavy cells
  • Fire from overheated electrical components.

  Low-Voltage circuits

  Low-voltage circuits may not be hazardous themselves but are often located near hazardous ones. A minor shock could cause a reflexive movement that propels a worker into a dangerous circuit or structure, leading to secondary injuries such as falls, fractures, or even death.

  Operating Disconnects

  An arc can form when a short circuit occurs or when two energized conductors are separated (e.g., operating a safety switch). High currents can cause arc flashes or arc blasts, resulting in:

  • Severe burns or ignition of clothing
  • Flying debris and shrapnel injuries
  • Ignition of nearby flammable materials
  • Proper equipment maintenance and adherence to lockout/tagout procedures are critical to minimize these risks.

  Research & Development Electrical Equipment

  Electrical hazards in research and development (R&D) environments may be more complex than standard electrical systems. Custom-built or experimental equipment often requires specialized analysis and qualifications for those operating or maintaining it.

  Hazard analyses must include potential shock, arc, and thermal sources, as well as acoustic, pressure, and shrapnel risks.

  Personnel must be specifically trained and authorized by the Principal Investigator (PI) to perform work. The PI is responsible for ensuring that workers are competent and trained for the hazards associated with their specific equipment and processes.

• What is Electrical Work?

  Electrical work is any task above the hazard threshold where there is a risk of shock or arc flash or that could create potential shock or arc flash hazards for future users. Electrical work must be performed only by authorized, qualified, and trained personnel. 

  

  

• Who Can Perform Electrical Work?

  Only authorized and trained personnel may conduct electrical work. Supervisors must ensure those who work with electricity have the training, experience, and ability to perform the tasks safely. Typically non-qualified persons will be authorized by their supervisor to perform very specific tasks up to the hazard threshold. The supervisor is responsible to provide basic electrical safety training, hands-on instruction, and a procedure to follow. If at anytime the situation presents hazards above any threshold the work must stop and a qualified person must take over.

  In all but a few specific instances all equipment shall be fully de-energized and locked out prior to opening any covers or engaging in adjustment or repairs that put the worker at risk for electric or other injury. No matter the voltage or amperage of a piece of equipment it must first be shut-down and then all sources of power removed and dissipated. Once equipment has been locked out and is verified as de-energized authorized non-qualified personnel can work on the equipment. For more information on the lockout process refer to the Hazardous Energies Control: Lockout/Tagout Program. Any work or testing done on energized equipment over the hazard threshold must be approved and the work done by an authorized, qualified, and trained person. For information on energized electrical work refer to the Energized Electrical Permit Guidance.

• Exposed Electrical Hazards

  When working on or around electrical equipment, it’s important to recognize electrical hazards. For a hazard to exist, two conditions must be met:

  1. The electrical part must be exposed, and
  2. The voltage must be above a hazardous threshold.

  Simply put, a part is considered exposed when a person could accidentally make contact with an energized conductor or circuit component. If a part is not properly guarded, isolated, or insulated, it is considered exposed.

  If you can touch a bare, energized part, it’s exposed — and dangerous.

  Some common examples of electrical exposures include:

  • Open panels
  • Broken receptacles
  • Unguarded parts
  • Open equipment
  • High voltage parts

  Open Panels	Broken receptacles	Unguarded parts	Open equipment

  

  Cage surrounding an experiment with exposed high voltage parts

• General Guidance for Electrical Safety

  All researchers, principal investigators (PIs), staff, project managers, contractors, and students must ensure that they—and those around them—work safely when dealing with electrical systems. UC Riverside complies with Cal/OSHA regulations, the California Electrical Code, and other established safety standards to minimize or eliminate hazards associated with electrical energy.

  NFPA 70E is a national consensus standard outlining best practices for electrical safety. While UCR uses NFPA 70E as a guiding reference for developing standard operating procedures (SOPs) and safe work practices, it does not require full compliance with the standard. Whenever feasible, NFPA 70E practices should be applied.

  • All facility electrical wiring and equipment at UCR were installed in compliance with the California Electrical Code and Cal/OSHA requirements in effect at the time of building construction or renovation. For questions about building code compliance, contact UCR Building & Safety.
  • Work performed on or near electrical equipment that operates within the hazard conditions identified in this document must be done in an electrically safe state (verified de-energized) or be formally approved and documented through the Energized Work Permit process.
  • Anyone at UCR who performs work on or near hazardous energized electrical circuits or components must be qualified and authorized before beginning such work. For assistance, contact the UCR Safety Engineer.
  • Energized parts operating below 50 volts and less than 100 watts do not need to be de-energized if there is no risk of electrical burns or explosion hazards due to electric arcs. Contact the UCR Safety Engineer if clarification is needed.
  • When working on energized circuits or components operating above 50 volts to ground and capable of delivering more than 5 milliamperes (mA), appropriate engineering controls—such as guards, covers, shields, insulated tools, fused probes, or remote operation methods—and personal protective equipment (PPE) must be used to prevent contact with energized components.
  • All research or test devices operating above 50 volts or storing more than 1,000 watt-seconds (joules) must be protected by an enclosure with secured or interlocked covers, or otherwise isolated to prevent inadvertent contact with live parts. Fabrication of research or test equipment must be reviewed and approved by EH&S Research Safety. Contact ehslaboratory@ucr.edu for assistance.
  • All electrical equipment must be installed and used in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Equipment that bears a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL) listing is considered approved for use—unless it has been modified or is being used outside its intended purpose.
  • Modified or non-NRTL-approved equipment must be reviewed and approved by both the EH&S Safety Engineer and the Designated Campus Fire Marshal (DCFM). Such equipment requires third-party evaluation by a qualified evaluator acceptable to both offices. The evaluation must confirm that the equipment complies with electrical codes and is safe for its intended use. Qualified evaluators may include expert repair technicians, electrical engineers, or other approved specialists.
• Facility Electrical Systems

  Facility electrical systems must only be accessed, modified, or repaired by authorized maintenance service personnel or by approved contractors under their supervision.

  Do not open junction boxes, electrical panels, disconnect boxes, or remove cover plates. Any damage to electrical equipment must be reported and occupants will be responsible for any costs associated with misuse or abuse of facility electrical equipment.

  General Guidelines

  Lighting:

  • Do not modify, cover, or move any permanent facility lighting.
  • Any required changes must be requested through the appropriate maintenance service group.
  • Do not repair or replace lighting tubes, lamps, or bulbs in permanent facility fixtures.
  • Report any lighting damage or outages to the appropriate maintenance service group.

  Electrical Equipment:

  • Report damaged electrical equipment, outlets, or switches immediately to the appropriate maintenance service group.
  • Report all tripped circuit breakers to your supervisor and the maintenance service group, regardless of cause or circumstances.
  • Only maintenance service group personnel or qualified electrical workers are authorized to re-energize circuit breakers. Contact the appropriate maintenance service group for assistance.

  

  Access and Clearance:

  • Maintain clear access to all electrical boxes:
  • Minimum 30 inches wide and 36 inches deep clearance in front,
  • From the floor to a minimum height of 6½ feet.

  

  Storage and Separation:

  • Store all flammable gases and liquids at least 10 feet away from electrical panels.
  • No items may be stored in an electrical room without explicit permission from the appropriate maintenance service group.
  • Only maintenance service personnel and specifically authorized staff are permitted to enter electrical rooms.

  Requests and Modifications:

  • Requests for additional outlets, receptacle type changes, dedicated grounding connections, or other special electrical modifications must be submitted to the maintenance service group for your facility.
  • In some cases, a UCR building permit may be required. Maintenance service groups or project management personnel may assist with permitting when necessary. 
• Unplanned Electrical Outage
  • Report electrical outages to the Facilities Management Service Desk:
    • Monday–Friday, 7:30 a.m.–4:30 p.m.: 951-827-4214
    • After hours: 951-827-4677
  • For student housing, contact the Auxiliary Services Facilities 24-Hour Customer Service Line at (951) 827-8534 or https://housing.ucr.edu/emergencies.
  • For remote locations contact your supervisor or maintenance service group for assistance.
  • Planned outages will be announced in advance via email to all affected campus personnel. Be prepared for unplanned outages by keeping a flashlight in your work area. Your cell phone flashlight can also help you safely navigate to a secure location.
  • Remain calm during an outage. 
    • Wait several minutes to determine if power will automatically return or if backup generators will activate.
    • If backup power engages, limited lighting and power will be available.
    • Conserve energy and minimize power use until full service is restored.
  • If the outage lasts longer than one hour, contact your supervisor. Depending on the situation, you may be authorized to relocate to another area on campus or work remotely based on weather conditions, resources available, and scope of your job duties.
• Extension Cord Guide

  Types and Features

  When cords are used in damp, wet, or outdoor locations, ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) outlets, GFCI-protected cords, or GFCI adapters must be used.

  All extension cords must be NRTL approved which is typically from Underwriter's Laboratory (UL). 

  Where special circumstances require fabrication of a custom cord set, it must be fabricated by maintenance service personnel or a Qualified Electrical Worker (QEW) and meet wire gauge and length requirements appropriate for the load, as outlined in the table below. Material selection must comply with UL 817, Standard for Safety, Cord Sets and Power Supply Cords.

  Only two extension cords may be daisy-chained unless equipped with locking connectors rated for the environment. When daisy-chaining cords, the gauge of all cords must be rated for the total length as shown in the table below.

  Only 3-wire (grounded) extension cords are permitted. Two-wire cords are not allowed at UCR.

  All cord sets, whether for indoor or outdoor use, must be hard-service or junior hard-service types and have one of the following markings: SOW, SOOW, STW, STOW, STOOW, SEW, SEOW, SEOOW, SJOW, SJOOW, SJTW, SJTOW, SJTOOW, SJEW, SJEOW, or SJEOOW. 

  Marking	Meaning
  S	Hard-service cord, rated for 600 V
  SJ	Junior hard-service cord, rated for 300 V
  E	Thermoplastic elastomer
  T	Thermoplastic
  O	Oil-resistant outer jacket
  OO	Oil-resistant outer jacket and oil-resistant insulation
  W	Weather and water resistant (suitable for outdoor use)

   

  	“(UL)” – this cord is NRTL-listed
  	“12/3” – 12 AWG, 3-conductor
  	“SJTW” – Junior hard service, Thermoplastic, Weather and water resistant. Suitable for outdoor use but not for construction sites.

   

  Cord rating (Amperage)

  • Using an undersized cord can cause overheating, voltage drop, cord or device failure, and fire hazards. It may also prevent the circuit breaker from tripping, creating a serious shock hazard.
  • Ensure the wire size is adequate for the current and distance required. The table below shows recommended extension cord sizes for portable electric tools (NFPA 70B-2019, Table 29.5.1).
  • If source voltage is already low, increase it to standard or use a larger cord than listed to reduce voltage drop.

  Extension Cord Length (Feet)	Nameplate Amperage Rating and Respective Voltage
  	0-2.0A		2.1-3.4A		3.5-5.0A		5.1-7.0A		7.1-12.0A		12.1-16A
  	115v	208v	115v	208v	115v	208v	115v	208v	115v	208v	115v	208v
  25	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	14	16
  50	18	18	18	18	18	18	16	18	14	16	12	14
  75	18	18	18	18	16	18	14	16	12	14	10	12
  100	18	18	16	18	14	16	12	14	10	12	8	10
  200	16	18	14	16	12	14	10	12	8	10	6	8

  Repair or Build

  • Only Maintenance Services electricians or QEWs may repair or fabricate extension cords.
  • Splicing cords inline is not permitted. Damaged cords may be shortened into two new cords if proper connectors are used.
  • Only industrial-rated all-plastic plugs and receptacles may be used for repairs or fabrication. They must be rated equal to or higher than the cord.
  • Metal junction boxes must never be used to add outlets to cords. Only portable power–rated plastic boxes may be used.

  

   

  Grounding

  • Always use three-conductor grounded cords, even for two-conductor devices.
  • Do not remove the ground pin or otherwise compromise grounding protection.
  • Do not use cords where the grounding conductor has less capacity than other conductors.

  Adapter Cord Sets

  Adapter cord sets are intended for construction or similar sites and convert one plug to two or three single outlets or to another configuration.

  

  • Adapter cord sets are marked “Intended for use on construction sites and similar locations.”
  • Do not overload the branch circuit or any part of the cord or adapter system.
  • When combining adapter cord sets and extension cords, there must be no more than six total receptacles available for connection.
  • If the adapter cord set is placed at the load end of an extension cord, the extension cord must be at least 12 AWG and no longer than 100 feet.
• Using Extension Cords

  Extension cords may be used:

  • Indoors and outdoors
  • For portable tools and equipment
  • As part of maintenance work

  Extension cords are for temporary use only and must never be secured in place or used continuously longer than 90 days. If power is needed for longer than 90 days, a permanent outlet must be installed. Request installation through the appropriate maintenance service group for your area.

  Securing 

  • Extension cords must not be permanently attached to building surfaces, or furniture.
  • Never attach to, suspend from, or run over plumbing pipes, sprinkler heads, conduit, or lighting fixtures.
  • Never run under rugs or carpeting, through windows or doorways
  • Any method to secure the cords temporarily must be removable without the use of tools. Trick line, removable clips, and hook-and-loop fasteners are some acceptable methods.

  Before Use

  • Inspect cords thoroughly before each use. Do not use if damaged.

  

  • Use only cords with no exposed live parts, ungrounded metal parts, damage, or splices.
  • Cords not marked “FOR OUTDOOR USE” must be used indoors only and not on construction sites.
  • Check wattage ratings of equipment to ensure cords are not overloaded (Watts = Volts × Amps).
  • Route cords to avoid tripping hazards.
  • Verify equipment is turned off before plugging in.
  • Fully insert plugs; prongs must not be visible when connected. 

  

   

  • Do not use excessive force to make connections.
  • Do not connect a three-conductor cord to a two-conductor cord.
  • Never use 3-to-2 prong adapters or remove grounding prongs. 

  

  • Do not remove, bend, or modify any metal prongs or pins of cord.

  During Use

  • Keep cords away from water.
  • Avoid overheating in direct sunlight. 
  • Uncoil cords fully before use.
  • Do not cover or enclose cords or restrict airflow around them
  • Do not drive, drag, walk on, or place objects, carts, or vehicles over cords.

  After use

  • Unplug cords when not in use.
  • Remove plugs by grasping the plug body, not by pulling on the cord.
  • Never insert fingers between the plug and outlet.
  • Ensure grounding prongs are intact.
  • Check plugs, receptacles, and outlets for damage.
  • Wipe cords clean and inspect for cuts, breaks, or insulation damage.
  • Store cords indoors, even if rated for outdoor use.
  • Coil cords in loops of at least 16 inches and hang for storage to prevent kinks and damage.
  • See Appendix A for additional information regarding extension cords.
• Plug Strips (Relocatable Power Taps/RPTs)

  A plug strip, or relocatable power tap (RPT), is an electrical enclosure with an attached power cord that allows multiple low-amperage electrical devices to be powered from a single wall outlet. Plug strips are not power multipliers; the available power from the outlet is divided among all connected devices. Therefore, it is critical to use them properly and within their rated capacity.

  • Only NRTL-approved plug strips are permitted. 

  

  • Departments purchasing plug strips should select the Tripp Lite model TLM626, which has six outlets, a six-foot cord, and a metal housing, or an equivalent approved model. 

  

  • A 15-foot cord version is available but must be reviewed and approved by the Campus Fire Marshal’s Office prior to purchase.
  • Most plug strips are intended and approved for indoor use only. 
  • Fabricated or homemade plug strips are not allowed.
  • All-plastic plug strips are banned in laboratories, technical areas, kitchens/breakrooms, and shops. They must be replaced with approved metal-housing models as feasible. 
  • Plastic plug strips may still be used in office areas for computer and office equipment only.
  • Plug strips must only be used for low-wattage appliances and electronic equipment.
  • Devices with motors, fans, heaters, cooking appliances, hair dryers, or battery chargers must be plugged directly into a wall outlet or, if necessary, into a properly rated extension cord.
  • All plug strips must include both a power switch and a resettable fuse.
  • Raceway-style plug strips that are mounted to furniture or walls and have more than six outlets must be submitted through the campus building permit system for review. 

  

  • Plug strips must be plugged directly into a wall outlet, not into extension cords or other plug strips.
  • There are no time limitations on how long an approved plug strip may remain connected to a branch circuit receptacle.
  • Any cords that are worn, frayed, abraded, cut, corroded, or otherwise damaged must be replaced. Never attempt to repair a plug strip, as doing so voids the NRTL approval.
  • See Appendix B for additional information regarding relocatable power taps (RPTs). 
    
    
     
• Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs)

  A Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) is a safety device designed to limit line-to-ground shock current to less than 5 milliamps (mA). Listed devices are engineered to trip between 4–6 mA in under 20 milliseconds.

  A GFCI functions by continuously comparing the current between the hot and neutral conductors in a circuit. If the returning current on the neutral differs from the outgoing current, the GFCI quickly trips, shutting off the circuit to prevent electrical shock or fire.

  

  https://makeitright.ca/holmes-advice/home-safety-maintenance/ground-fault-circuit-interrupters-gfcis/

   

  • GFCI outlets are typically installed in areas within six feet of a sink, in wet locations, and outdoors. Some older buildings may not have GFCIs installed, as they were built before current code requirements. In such cases, portable or adapter-style GFCIs may be used instead of rewiring outlets.

  

   

  • In some instances, a GFCI circuit breaker may be approved for installation in place of rewiring a group of outlets. All outlets on a GFCI breaker must be labeled “GFCI Protected Outlet.”
  • When using a portable inline GFCI, place it between the receptacle and the cord.
  • Use only non–auto-reset GFCIs for outdoor work or where automatic restarting could create a hazardous condition.
  • For critical equipment, such as ultra-low temperature freezers, consider using an auto-resetting GFCI to avoid prolonged power interruptions during brief outages.

  Resetting

  • A tripped GFCI usually indicates a short to ground. Inspect the connected equipment for moisture or other conditions that may have caused the trip. It is acceptable to reset the GFCI once.
  • If the GFCI trips again, contact Maintenance Services or your authorized Qualified Electrical Worker (QEW) to investigate the cause.
  • If equipment design is suspected to cause current leakage, schedule an inspection through Maintenance Services or your designated QEW.
  • Do not repeatedly reset a GFCI that continues to trip. Stop work and have it evaluated by Maintenance Services or a qualified electrician.

  Testing

  • Test GFCIs monthly unless they protect critical equipment that cannot tolerate frequent interruptions. Although manufacturers recommend monthly testing, this may not always be practical due to the number of devices and power disruptions involved. Users should be aware that GFCIs have a relatively high failure rate—approximately 10–25% within a few years of use.
  • Testing frequency and methods:
    • Portable inline GFCIs: Test each time before use. These devices typically require a reset when first plugged in; test again after resetting.
    • Receptacle GFCIs: Test before first use, especially if you are unsure of downstream connections. Note that testing one GFCI may interrupt power to all downstream receptacles.
    • Plug-mounted GFCIs: Test each time before use. For frequently used devices, test monthly.
  • To test a GFCI:

  1. Plug in a small load (such as a night light or lamp).
  2. Press the TEST button; the light or load should turn off.
  3. Press the RESET button; the light or load should turn back on.

  • If a GFCI fails to trip, fails to reset, or the buttons stick mechanically, contact Maintenance Services or a designated QEW electrician for repair or replacement.
     
• Electrical Appliances and Equipment
  • All electrical equipment used on campus must be Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL) approved or “listed” as electrically safe in accordance with the California State Fire Marshal’s Office and Cal/OSHA requirements.
  • The most common listings are UL and FM. If equipment is not listed, contact EH&S prior to purchase for review. Equipment owners are responsible for any costs associated with third-party evaluations of non-listed equipment.
  • All electrical devices must be properly grounded with approved three-wire plugs unless they are double-insulated. Grounding provides a safe path for electrical current to the ground, preventing current leakage that can cause shock or fire.
  • Electrical equipment with moving parts that could cause injury must have an electromagnetic safety switch that prevents unintended restart after power loss or unplugging. Affordable aftermarket adapters are available—contact EH&S for guidance.
  • Never use electrical equipment in wet areas or across wet floors unless it is specifically rated for damp or wet-area use.
  • Ensure energized parts of equipment operating at 50 volts or more are properly guarded against accidental contact.
  • Always unplug electrical appliances before performing any repair or maintenance.
  • Only trained and authorized employees may work on electrical equipment operating above 50 volts or 5 milliamps. For assistance, contact EH&S Safety at 951-827-5118.
  • Researchers who modify, adjust, or repair electrical equipment must contact the EH&S Research Safety Team at ehslaboratory@ucr.edu for guidance. 
• Battery chargers for equipment and personal mobility
  • Use only manufacturer-supplied or approved batteries and chargers.
  • Inspect batteries before charging and at least weekly for damage, leakage, or case swelling.
  • Never charge batteries overnight or leave them unattended, unless using a smart-type charger that automatically shuts off when fully charged.
  • Stop charging immediately if you notice smoke, unusual odor, or  crackling/popping sounds. If safe, move the battery outdoors.
  • Chargers designed for wall mounting must be secured at least 42 inches above the floor, or mounted to a cart where the charger is at least 24 inches above the floor and cables are protected from wheels.
  • Other configurations require approval from the UCR Safety Engineer.
  • Keep all chargers off the floor and at least 6 feet away from sinks or mop sinks when not mounted.
  • Chargers used in wet or outdoor areas (custodial rooms, near sinks, grow rooms, greenhouses, locker rooms, garages, sheds, etc.) must be plugged into a GFCI outlet or adapter.
  • Ensure adequate ventilation in charging areas to prevent buildup of flammable gases.
  • Lithium-ion batteries may only be charged in buildings equipped with smoke and heat detection systems and fire sprinklers.
  • E-bikes and scooters may not be parked inside buildings. Remove and charge batteries separately in designated areas.
  • Do not leave batteries in hot vehicles or direct sunlight.
• Portable Heating Devices
  • Use of space heaters is prohibited on campus. If your area is too cold, contact your maintenance service group for assistance.
  • Use of hot plates is prohibited except where specifically approved by EH&S.
  • Coffee makers are permitted only if equipped with an automatic shut-off for the heating plate.
  • Use of electric candles, incense, or oil warmers is prohibited.
• Holiday Lights
  • Holiday lights are permitted for temporary installation between 30 days prior to an event and 14 days following in offices, dining halls, break rooms, conference/meeting rooms, retail and approved outdoor areas only.
  • Holiday lights are not permitted in laboratories, shops, or technical areas. Adjacent office areas separated by a door are acceptable.
  • Do not hang lights from suspended ceilings, conduit, plumbing, sprinklers, lighting fixtures, emergency equipment, smoke detectors, in corridors, or in doorways.
  • Holiday light are not permitted to be placed in any trees or shrubs on campus without written approval from Facilities Services Landscaping department.
  • Always use GFCI protection with holiday lights.
  • Do not staple or tape holiday light cords. Use only removable self-adhesive light clips like 3M Command brand.
  • Any damage caused by holiday lighting attachment will be the responsibility of the department allowing hanging them. Cost for fixes will be recharged to the department.
  • Follow manufacturer load limits when daisy-chaining lights.

  Grow Rooms/Areas and Greenhouses

  • Whenever possible, minimize electrical appliances and lighting operating above 12 volts in grow rooms, greenhouses, or grow tents. Contact the UCR Safety Engineer for assistance.
  • All lighting must be rated for damp or wet locations.
  • All electrical outlets must be GFCI-protected within a grow room, greenhouse, or within 6 feet of grow tents or plant-growth shelving.
  • In these environments, outlets should be installed at or above 42 inches from the floor and must be weather-tight with protective covers.
  • Overhead outlet reels are encouraged but must be GFCI-protected and include strain relief on the cable.
  • Overhead electrical boxes should be mounted perpendicular (90°) to the floor and must be weather-tight with covers.
• Grow Rooms/Areas and Greenhouses
  • Whenever possible, minimize electrical appliances and lighting operating above 12 volts in grow rooms, greenhouses, or grow tents. Contact the UCR Safety Engineer for assistance.
  • All lighting must be rated for damp or wet locations.
  • All electrical outlets must be GFCI-protected within a grow room, greenhouse, or within 6 feet of grow tents or plant-growth shelving.
  • In these environments, outlets should be installed at or above 42 inches from the floor and must be weather-tight with protective covers.
  • Overhead outlet reels are encouraged but must be GFCI-protected and include strain relief on the cable.
  • Overhead electrical boxes should be mounted perpendicular (90°) to the floor and must be weather-tight with covers.
• Research Labs, Technical Areas, and Performance Labs
  • Never work with electrical systems above 50 volts without specific authorization, documented training, and written Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs).
  • For all lab electrical work above 50 volts, refer to the Research Electrical Safety Program, Advanced Electrical Program, High Voltage Electrical Safety Program, and the Hazardous Energies Control: Lockout/Tagout Program. 
  • Notify your Principal Investigator (PI) or Lab Supervisor immediately if you have any questions or concerns.
  • Purchase only NRTL-listed equipment (e.g., UL, FM, or equivalent). See Appendix XX for additional information on accepted testing laboratories.
  • Be able to identify and recognize electrical hazards in your work area.
  • Keep all electrical equipment in good working condition to prevent malfunctions and electrical accidents.
  • Maintain a minimum three-foot clearance around electrical panels and disconnects.
  • Always follow approved Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) procedures when cleaning, maintaining, or adjusting on electrical systems.
  • Never override or bypass safety devices such as interlocks, fuses, or lockout mechanisms.
  • Wear appropriate PPE—such as eye protection and insulated gloves—as specified by SOPs or job hazard assessments.
  • Be cautious when working in damp, wet, or outdoor environments. Always use Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) in these conditions.
  • Never plug in wet cords or touch electrical equipment with wet hands.
  • Employees engaged in non-electrical activities (e.g., laser work, software or hardware testing) should remain alert to nearby energized work and be made aware of all potential electrical hazards in shared areas.
     
• Energized Electrical Work and Permits

  Cal/OSHA permits Energized Electrical Work only under specific circumstances.
  Electrical work must be performed on deenergized circuits that have been tested and locked out, unless one or more of the following apply:

  • A trained and authorized qualified person or UCR electrician determines that the work must be performed on energized equipment or systems and a specific written procedure is in place.
  • All involved personnel have received both formal instruction and hands-on training.
  • Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and safeguards—such as approved insulated gloves or insulated tools—are provided and used.
  • De-energizing the circuit is not feasible due to equipment design or operational limitations, and the work is overseen by a UCR electrician or authorized qualified person.
  • De-energizing the circuit would create additional or increased hazards, and the work is overseen by a UCR electrician or authorized qualified person.
  • If energized electrical work is required, an “Energized Electrical Work Permit” must be completed and kept on site (see Appendix D).
• Reporting Requirements

  Electrical Shocks, Burns, and related Injuries

  • All electric incidents that result in a shock or burn with or without injury must be reported. 
  • For non-injury incidents, report to EH&S using the “Report an Incident, Injury, or Safety Concern” form or call (951) 827-5528.
  • For Injuries:
    • Call or text 911 if the injury is severe.
    • If injury is minor the person should still have medical evaluation to rule out internal injuries.
      • For staff employees follow the Worker’s Compensation guidance for approved providers. 
      • Students should go to the Student Health and Counseling Center.
    • Contact Supervisor as soon as possible.
    • Report to EH&S using the “Report an Incident, Injury, or Safety Concern” form or call (951) 827-5528.

  Damaged or Defective Electrical Equipment:

  • Report any malfunctioning electrical equipment or devices immediately to your supervisor and/or the appropriate maintenance service group.
  • All electrical burning, smoke, or fire must be reported to EH&S immediately by calling (951) 827-5528.
  • Common signs of electrical defects include:
    • Damaged cords, plugs, or outlets
    • Receiving a shock when touching equipment
    • Arcing, sparking, smoking, or other signs of malfunction
  • If equipment is not operating properly:
    • Remove it from service immediately
    • Clearly tag or label it as “Do Not Use”
    • Report it to the appropriate department or individual for repair
  • Do not attempt to repair any electrical equipment yourself unless you are properly trained and authorized to do so. For guidance, contact the EH&S Safety Engineer.
  • If safety concerns persist, notify your supervisor or submit a “Report an Incident, Injury, or Safety Concern” to Environmental Health & Safety (EH&S).
     
• Training, Competency Assessment & Authorization

  Departments are responsible to provide appropriate training for their employees in compliance with Cal/OSHA, the UCR IIPP, and all other related UCR programs. EH&S has training available in the UC Learning Center available for everyone to access and can assist with locating third-party advanced training as needed. To discuss your department’s training needs contact EH&S Training at ehstraining@ucr.edu

  Authorization

  Only persons who the supervisor has determined to be qualified, have the requisite training, and who are capable of performing the electrical tasks safely should be authorized to do the tasks. Supervisors should document in writing who is allowed to perform specific types of electrical work as part of their job duties, in a personnel file, a lab safety notebook, on specific SOPs or work procedures, an authorization letter, or similar document that is accessible to the employee and other authorities upon request. If any supervisor needs assistance determining whether their personnel are suitable for authorization they should contact EH&S for assistance at ehs@ucr.edu or (951) 312-0805.

  If at anytime a person is observed to be working unsafely with Electricity by EH&S or a maintenance service group tradesperson, EH&S will stop work and initiate a review to determine how to proceed. The supervisor will be held responsible and may be subject to disciplinary action for endangering employees if they allow improperly trained or inexperienced personnel to become exposed to electrical hazards. Any employees found to be working recklessly with electricity of their own accord will also be subject to disciplinary action.

• Definitions

  Authorized - Written approval granted for a person to perform specified types of hazardous work. Authorization is granted by a supervisor in consultation with their maintenance service group and/or EH&S.

  Current – (measured in amps/amperage) The flow of electric charge, typically carried by electrons, through a conductor in a complete circuit.

  De-energized – Free from any electrical connection to a source of potential difference and from electrical charge; not having a potential different from that of the earth.

  Electrically Safe Work Condition – A state in which an electrical conductor or circuit part has been disconnected from energized parts, locked/tagged in accordance with the UCR Lockout/Tagout Program, tested to ensure the absence of voltage (Zero Voltage Verification – ZVV), and grounded if determined necessary.

  Energized Electrical Work – Work conducted by an employee on or near an exposed energized circuit greater than 50 volts and less than or equal to 600.

  FM – Factory Mutual – Common NRTL. An independent product safety testing and Certification Company.

  

   

  GFCI – Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter, provides additional protection from shocks by shutting off current to equipment when a change in electricity is sensed.

  Grounding – Provides a safe path between electricity and the earth, preventing leakage of current. The creation of a conductive path for electricity between a circuit and the equipment to ground.

  High Voltage – Electrical systems or equipment operating at or intended to operate at a sustained voltage of more than 600 volts.

  Listed – Equipment, materials, or services included in a list published by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL). The means for identifying listed equipment may vary for each NRTL; some NRTLs do not recognize equipment as listed unless it is also labeled. The authority having jurisdiction should utilize the system employed by the listing organization to identify a listed product.

  Low voltage – Electrical systems or equipment operating at or intended to operate at a sustained voltage of 600 volts or less.

  NRTL – Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory. An NRTL approved electrical equipment and materials for use as safe for the intended use.

  Ohm’s Law – a law stating that electric current is proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance.

  

  
  Power - Electrical power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred in an electric circuit. It is measured in watts (W). The voltage times the current equals the power or wattage.
   

  

  
  Qualified Person – A person, who by reason of experience or instruction has demonstrated familiarity with the operation to be performed and the hazards involved. An employee is considered an authorized qualified person only after they have authorization in writing from their supervisor and/or EH&S. Only authorized qualified persons may perform electrical work at UCR.
  Note One: Whether a person is considered to be a “qualified person” will depend upon various circumstances in the workplace. It is possible and, in fact, likely for an individual to be considered “qualified” with regard to certain equipment in the workplace, but “unqualified” as to other equipment.
  Note Two: An employee who is undergoing on-the-job training and who, in the course of such training, has demonstrated an ability to perform duties safely at his or her level of training and who is under the direct supervision of a qualified person is considered to be a qualified person for the performance of those duties.

  UL (Underwriter's Laboratory) - Common NRTL. An independent product safety testing and Certification Company.

  

  Voltage – the electrical potential difference between two points in a circuit, often described as the "pressure" that pushes electrons to flow. It is the driving force for electric current and is measured in volts (V). Think of it like water pressure in a hose; higher pressure pushes more water through, just as higher voltage pushes more current through a wire.  

  Watts - the unit of electrical power, which measures the rate at which energy is consumed or generated at a specific moment. 

• Information and External References
  • California Code of Regulations - Title 8 Subchapter 5 Electrical Safety Orders - https://www.dir.ca.gov/title8/sub5.html

  • California Electrical Code - https://www.dgs.ca.gov/BSC/Codes

    Note: The electrical code applicable for each building may be different depending on when it was constructed or renovated. Contact the Campus Building & Safety Department for clarification on the code version that applies.

  • NFPA Standards 
    • NFPA 70 (California has adopted the 2020 version)
    • NFPA 70E - voluntary standard for electrical safety in the workplace
    • NFPA 70B – voluntary standard for electrical equipment maintenance
  • Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Electrical Safety - https://electricalsafety.lbl.gov/
    •    Cal/OSHA Guide to Electrical Safety
    •    Stanford University Electrical Safety Management Plan for Research (ESMPR)
    •    UCR Hazardous Energies Control: Lockout/Tag Out Program
     
• Appendices

  A. Extension Cord Guide

  B. Power Strip (RPT) Guide

  C. Energized Electrical Guide and Permit